Astell, Mary

About the author

Mary Astell (1666–1731) is widely celebrated as a trailblazing English writer and intellectual, often regarded as one of the first proponents of feminist thought in English literature. Her groundbreaking works, including An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex, A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, for the Advancement of Their True and Greatest Interest (In Two Parts), and Some Reflections Upon Marriage. With Additions., boldly challenge the gender norms of her time and advocate for women's education, autonomy, and intellectual equality.

An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex

In this compelling essay, Astell mounts a spirited defense of women's intellectual and moral capacities, critiquing the prejudices that relegated women to subordinate roles in 17th-century society. She argues that women are endowed with the same rational faculties as men and that their perceived inferiority is a result of societal neglect, particularly the lack of access to education. Astell asserts that an educated woman would be better equipped to fulfill her roles as a wife, mother, and member of society, while also contributing to the intellectual and moral advancement of humanity. Her sharp wit, eloquent prose, and use of philosophical reasoning make this essay a landmark text in early feminist literature.

A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, for the Advancement of Their True and Greatest Interest

In this two-part treatise, Astell proposes the creation of educational institutions exclusively for women, envisioning them as academies for intellectual and spiritual growth. She critiques the prevailing view that women’s education should be limited to superficial accomplishments meant to attract a husband. Instead, Astell advocates for a curriculum that includes literature, philosophy, theology, and the sciences, empowering women to develop their intellects and moral virtues. Her proposal emphasizes the transformative potential of education, not only for individual women but for society as a whole, as educated women would raise enlightened families and foster a more equitable and virtuous social order.

Some Reflections Upon Marriage. With Additions.

In this incisive critique of the institution of marriage, Astell examines the inherent inequalities that often left women at the mercy of their husbands. She highlights the pitfalls of marriages based on economic convenience or societal pressure rather than mutual respect and intellectual companionship. Astell warns women against entering marriages without careful consideration and advocates for reforms that would ensure women’s rights and autonomy within the marital relationship. Her reflections are both a critique of her society's gender dynamics and a call for reimagining marriage as a partnership based on equality and mutual support.

Themes and Legacy

Mary Astell's works are characterized by their intellectual rigor, eloquence, and philosophical depth. Drawing on classical philosophy, Christian theology, and her own keen observations of society, Astell makes a powerful case for women's education and independence. Her advocacy for rational thought, virtue, and self-determination laid the foundation for later feminist movements, earning her the title of "the first English feminist."

Astell's influence extended beyond her written works. She collaborated with other progressive thinkers to promote educational reforms and supported the establishment of charitable institutions aligned with her vision. Despite the constraints of her time, Astell’s ideas challenged deeply entrenched gender norms and inspired future generations to continue the struggle for gender equality.

Summary

Mary Astell’s visionary writings—An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex, A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, and Some Reflections Upon Marriage—remain foundational texts in feminist thought. Through her advocacy for women’s education, intellectual equality, and social reform, Astell not only addressed the inequalities of her time but also provided a framework for envisioning a more equitable future. Her legacy endures as a testament to the power of education and the written word in driving social change and advancing the rights of women.